call

Compared meaning: to speak or cry out loudly (verb).

比较义项：大声喊叫（动词）。

• call 本词

  Call means to raise your voice to get someone's attention or summon them, often over some distance; it does not necessarily imply anger, fear or great volume like yell or scream.

  call 通常表示提高声音以引起某人注意或叫某人过来，常用于有一定距离的情况；不像 yell 或 scream 那样必然带有愤怒、恐惧等情绪或很大的音量。

  She called out to him from across the yard, waving her arm.

  她一边挥手一边从院子那头喊他过来。

• yell

  Yell means to shout loudly because of a strong emotion such as anger, fear or excitement; it is often directed at a person and can sound harsh or aggressive.

  yell 表示因强烈情绪（如愤怒、恐惧或兴奋）而大声喊叫，常常针对某个人，听起来可能显得粗暴或带攻击性。

  Don't yell at your little brother, just talk calmly.

  不要对你弟弟大喊大叫，好好说话就行。

• scream

  Scream describes a loud, high-pitched cry, often involuntary, caused by a strong feeling such as fear, pain or intense excitement; it is more piercing than yell or shout.

  scream 表示因强烈情绪（如恐惧、疼痛或极度兴奋）而发出的响亮尖锐的叫声，往往是不由自主的，比 yell 或 shout 更尖锐刺耳。

  The children began to scream with excitement at the fair.

  孩子们在游乐场兴奋得尖叫起来。

• shout

  Shout is the most general term: to speak in a loud, raised voice so as to be heard at a distance, without necessarily implying anger or fear.

  shout 是最通用的词，指提高音量说话以便让人在较远处也能听到，不一定带有愤怒或恐惧等情绪。

  The coach had to shout loudly so the players could hear him.

  教练不得不大声喊叫，好让球员们能听到他的话。

Call, yell, scream, and shout all mean raising your voice. Yell and scream show strong emotion, like anger or fear. Shout is neutral, just loud enough to be heard. Call means calling from a distance for attention. Call's phone and name senses aren't compared.

这几个词都表示提高音量说话或喊叫，但语气强弱和使用场合不同；yell 和 scream 通常带有强烈情绪（愤怒、恐惧、兴奋），scream 更尖锐刺耳，shout 语气较中性，只强调声音大以便被听到，call 则常指从远处出声引起某人注意或叫某人过来，不一定带有情绪或很大音量。此处不比较 call 的“打电话”或“称呼”等其他义项。

Compared meaning: to telephone someone (verb).

比较义项：打电话（v.）。

• phone

  Used as a verb meaning to telephone someone; more common in British English, and sounds slightly more formal or old-fashioned than 'call' in everyday American speech.

  作动词表示“打电话”；在英式英语中更常用，在日常美式口语里听起来比call略显正式或有些老派。

  Please phone me as soon as you land at the airport.

  你一落地就请给我打电话。

• call 本词

  The everyday, neutral verb for telephoning someone, common in both British and American English; it also carries many unrelated meanings such as shouting, naming, or visiting.

  表示“打电话”时是最常用、最中性的动词，英式和美式英语都常用；它还有很多不相关的意思，比如大声喊、命名或拜访。

  Call me tonight if you get a chance to talk.

  如果今晚有空聊聊，就给我打个电话。

Both words can mean to telephone someone. Phone as a verb is more common in British English, and sounds slightly more formal than call in everyday American speech. Call is the everyday, neutral verb in both British and American English, with other unrelated meanings too.

这两个词在“打电话”这个意思上很接近，但call更中性、更常用，phone在英式英语里更常见，在美式口语里作动词用略显正式。这里不比较phone作名词表示“电话”这个物品，也不比较call表示“称呼”“大声喊”或“拜访”等其他意思。

Compared meaning: to give someone or something a name (verb).

比较义项：命名，称呼（v.）。

• call 本词

  Informal and common in everyday speech; often used for nicknames or habitual address, as in 'call me Bob'; frequently takes two objects (call + person + name).

  较为口语化，日常使用频繁；常用于昵称或习惯性称呼，如“叫我鲍勃”；常接双宾语结构（call + 人 + 名字）。

  Everyone just calls him Tony instead of using his full name.

  大家都直接叫他托尼，而不用他的全名。

• name

  More formal; typically used for the official act of giving a name at birth or in a ceremony, not for everyday nicknames.

  更为正式；通常用于出生时或仪式上正式取名的行为，而非日常昵称。

  They named their daughter Emily after her grandmother.

  他们以祖母的名字给女儿取名叫艾米丽。

Call and name both mean to give someone a name. Call is informal and common, often used for nicknames or everyday address. Name is more formal, used for the official act of naming someone at birth. Call's 'phone' or 'shout' meanings are not compared.

两词在“给……取名/命名”这个意思上接近，但call更常用于日常口语中“怎么称呼某人”，name则更正式、常用于官方或书面场合的命名行为。这里不比较call的其他意思，例如“打电话”或“呼喊”。

Compared meaning: a loud shout or cry (noun).

比较义项：呼喊、喊叫声（名词）。

• call 本词

  A general word for a shout or vocal signal, often used to summon someone or get attention; milder and more neutral than shout or cry, common in phrases like 'a call for help'.

  泛指喊叫或呼唤声，常用于召唤某人或引起注意；语气比shout、cry都更平和中性，常见于“call for help”（呼救）这类搭配。

  She let out a call to the children to come in for dinner.

  她喊了一声，叫孩子们回来吃饭。

• shout

  Emphasizes loudness and the physical effort of raising the voice, often to be heard over distance, noise, or danger; more forceful and urgent than call.

  强调提高音量、用力喊叫的动作，常用于隔着距离或噪音、危险情况下让人听见；比call更用力、更急切。

  His shout of warning stopped her just before she stepped into traffic.

  他一声警告的喊叫，让她在踏入车流前及时停下。

• cry

  A loud shout charged with strong emotion such as pain, fear, or surprise, rather than plain volume; often associated with babies or sudden distress.

  指带有强烈情绪（如疼痛、恐惧或惊讶）的喊叫声，而不只是音量大；常和婴儿或突发的痛苦联系在一起。

  A cry of pain came from the kitchen when she touched the hot pan.

  她碰到烫锅时，厨房里传来一声痛苦的叫喊。

• outcry

  A strong public protest or wave of angry objection from many people, not a single physical shout; formal register, common in news about controversial decisions.

  指许多人表达强烈不满或抗议的浪潮，而不是某一次具体的喊叫声；语体较正式，常出现在关于争议性决定的新闻报道中。

  The new tax sparked a nationwide outcry from small business owners.

  这项新税收在全国小企业主中引发了强烈抗议。

Call, shout, cry and outcry can all mean a loud shout, but tone differs. Call is neutral. Shout stresses loudness. Cry means a shout with strong emotion. Outcry means a strong public protest. Call also means 'phone'; cry also means 'weep', not compared.

这四个词都可表示“呼喊、喊叫声”，但语气强弱和使用场合不同：cry常带强烈情绪，outcry多指群体性的愤怒抗议而非具体的喊声；这里不比较call的“打电话”义、cry的“哭泣”义。

Compared meaning: a demand for something (noun).

比较义项：要求（名词）。

• call 本词

  Call as a demand almost always appears in the pattern "a call for something" (often an abstract change or action) - a public or collective appeal, milder and more general than a formal claim to a specific thing.

  作为“要求”，call 几乎总是以“a call for something”的固定搭配出现（后接抽象的变革或行动），是一种公开的、集体性的呼吁，比针对具体事物的正式索取（claim）更温和、更笼统。

  The workers issued a call for better safety conditions after the accident.

  事故发生后，工人们发出了改善安全条件的要求。

• claim

  Claim is a demand for a specific thing the speaker believes they are entitled to, such as money, a prize or compensation, typically made formally to an institution like an insurer or organizer.

  claim 是对某项具体事物（如金钱、奖品、赔偿）的要求，说话人认为自己理应获得该物，通常是向保险公司、主办方等机构正式提出的索取。

  She filed a claim for a refund after the flight was cancelled.

  航班取消后，她提出了退款要求。

Call and claim can both mean a demand for something. Call is a public, general appeal for change. Claim is a formal demand for a specific thing, like money, that one feels entitled to. Call's other senses and claim's 'assert' sense are not compared.

这两个词都可以表示“要求”，但语气和用法不同：call 多用于“a call for something”这一固定搭配，指公开、集体性的呼吁，语气较温和笼统；claim 则指对具体事物（金钱、奖品、赔偿等）的正式索取，暗示说话人认为自己理应获得。这里不比较 call 的“打电话”“称呼”等义项，也不比较 claim 的“声称、断言”义项。