shout

Compared meaning: to speak or express something in words (verb).

比较义项：说话，用言语表达（动词）。

• say

  The most neutral word for putting thoughts into words; usually followed by what is said (a quote or reported clause), not by the person spoken to.

  最中性、通用的“说话”动词；后面通常接说的内容（引语或转述从句），而不是接说话的对象。

  He wouldn't say what was bothering him all evening.

  他一整晚都不肯说是什么在困扰着他。

• talk

  Describes speaking with someone, focusing on the exchange or conversation itself rather than the exact words; often used with 'to/with' a person or 'about' a topic.

  指与某人交谈，强调交流本身而非具体说的内容；常与“跟/和某人”或“谈论某话题”搭配使用。

  The neighbors like to talk over the fence every evening.

  邻居们喜欢每天傍晚隔着栅栏聊天。

• shout 本词

  To speak in a loud, raised voice, often because of distance, danger, noise, or strong emotion such as anger.

  指大声、提高音量说话，通常是因为距离远、危险、嘈杂或愤怒等强烈情绪。

  He had to shout across the busy street to get her attention.

  他不得不隔着繁忙的街道大喊，才能引起她的注意。

• whisper

  To speak very quietly and softly, often to keep others from hearing or to share something private.

  指非常轻声、柔和地说话，通常是为了不让别人听到，或分享私密的内容。

  She leaned close to whisper the secret so no one else would hear.

  她凑近轻声说出那个秘密，好让别人都听不到。

Say, talk, shout and whisper all mean to speak, but tone differs. Say is the most neutral, putting thoughts into words. Talk emphasizes conversation with someone. Shout means speaking loudly, often in anger. Whisper means speaking quietly to avoid being heard.

这四个词都可以表示“说话”，但语气和用法不同：say 是最中性的说话动词，talk 强调交谈交流，shout 表示大声喊叫，whisper 表示低声耳语。这里只比较这一“说话”义项，不涉及 talk 作名词“讲座”、shout 作名词“喊声”等其他用法。

Compared meaning: a loud shout or cry (noun).

比较义项：呼喊、喊叫声（名词）。

• call

  A general word for a shout or vocal signal, often used to summon someone or get attention; milder and more neutral than shout or cry, common in phrases like 'a call for help'.

  泛指喊叫或呼唤声，常用于召唤某人或引起注意；语气比shout、cry都更平和中性，常见于“call for help”（呼救）这类搭配。

  She let out a call to the children to come in for dinner.

  她喊了一声，叫孩子们回来吃饭。

• shout 本词

  Emphasizes loudness and the physical effort of raising the voice, often to be heard over distance, noise, or danger; more forceful and urgent than call.

  强调提高音量、用力喊叫的动作，常用于隔着距离或噪音、危险情况下让人听见；比call更用力、更急切。

  His shout of warning stopped her just before she stepped into traffic.

  他一声警告的喊叫，让她在踏入车流前及时停下。

• cry

  A loud shout charged with strong emotion such as pain, fear, or surprise, rather than plain volume; often associated with babies or sudden distress.

  指带有强烈情绪（如疼痛、恐惧或惊讶）的喊叫声，而不只是音量大；常和婴儿或突发的痛苦联系在一起。

  A cry of pain came from the kitchen when she touched the hot pan.

  她碰到烫锅时，厨房里传来一声痛苦的叫喊。

• outcry

  A strong public protest or wave of angry objection from many people, not a single physical shout; formal register, common in news about controversial decisions.

  指许多人表达强烈不满或抗议的浪潮，而不是某一次具体的喊叫声；语体较正式，常出现在关于争议性决定的新闻报道中。

  The new tax sparked a nationwide outcry from small business owners.

  这项新税收在全国小企业主中引发了强烈抗议。

Call, shout, cry and outcry can all mean a loud shout, but tone differs. Call is neutral. Shout stresses loudness. Cry means a shout with strong emotion. Outcry means a strong public protest. Call also means 'phone'; cry also means 'weep', not compared.

这四个词都可表示“呼喊、喊叫声”，但语气强弱和使用场合不同：cry常带强烈情绪，outcry多指群体性的愤怒抗议而非具体的喊声；这里不比较call的“打电话”义、cry的“哭泣”义。