sound

Compared meaning: a narrow strip of water between two seas (noun).

比较义项：海峡，两片海域之间的狭窄水道（名词）。

• sound 本词

  Sound usually names a long coastal channel or inlet, often part of a place name, and does not have to connect two seas the way a strait does.

  sound 通常指沿海的一条长条状水道或海湾，常作为地名的一部分，并不一定像 strait 那样连接两个海。

  Fishing boats shelter in the calm sound behind the barrier islands.

  渔船在屏障岛屿后面那片平静的海峡（水道）里躲避风浪。

• strait

  Strait is the standard, more common word for a narrow passage of water joining two seas or oceans, and it is the term used in most place names like the Strait of Gibraltar.

  strait 是表示连接两个海或大洋的狭窄水道的标准、更常用的说法，也是大多数地名（如直布罗陀海峡）所使用的词。

  Ships must sail carefully through the narrow strait between the islands.

  船只必须小心地驶过两岛之间狭窄的海峡。

Sound and strait both can mean a narrow channel of water. Sound usually names a long coastal channel and need not join two seas. Strait is the more common word for a passage joining two seas. Not compared: sound meaning 'noise'.

这两个词在“狭窄水道”这个意思上接近，但 strait 是更通用、更常见的说法，sound 则常指沿海的长条状水道，且不一定连接两个海。这里不比较 sound 的“声音”义，也不比较 strait 的“困境”义（如习语 dire straits）。

Compared meaning: in good physical health (adjective).

比较义项：身体健康、无恙（形容词）。

• sound 本词

  Sound describes a body, mind, or organ as free from defect or disease, often in fixed phrases like 'sound mind' or 'sound heart'; more formal and less used in casual speech than healthy.

  sound强调身体、心智或器官没有缺陷、功能正常，常用于“sound mind”（健全的心智）、“sound heart”（健康的心脏）等固定搭配，语气比healthy更正式，日常口语中较少使用。

  Despite his age, he remained of sound mind and body.

  尽管年事已高，他依然心智健全、身体健康。

• healthy

  Healthy is the general, everyday word for being in good physical condition, used for people, animals, diets, and lifestyles; it has no formal or literary flavor.

  healthy是表示身体状况良好最常用、最普通的词，可以用来形容人、动物、饮食和生活方式，没有正式或文学色彩。

  Regular exercise and a balanced diet keep you healthy.

  规律运动和均衡饮食能让你保持健康。

• whole

  Whole, in this sense, means unharmed or restored to good health after danger, injury, or illness; it is literary or old-fashioned and typically used predicatively, as in 'safe and whole'.

  whole在这个意义上指经历危险、受伤或生病后身体完好无损、恢复了健康，语气比较文学化，略显过时，通常用作表语，常见于“safe and whole”（平安无恙）这样的固定搭配。

  The soldiers came back from the war safe and whole.

  士兵们从战场上平安无恙地回来了。

• ruddy

  Ruddy describes only a person's reddish, glowing skin color, especially the cheeks or face, as a visible sign of good health; it cannot describe general health directly.

  ruddy只用来形容人的脸色或皮肤红润、有光泽，是健康的一种外在表现，不能直接用来泛指身体健康本身。

  The cold wind left her cheeks ruddy and glowing.

  寒风让她的脸颊变得红润，容光焕发。

All four relate to good health. Sound means free of defect in body or mind; formal. Healthy is the everyday, neutral word. Whole here means unharmed after danger or illness; literary, as in 'safe and whole'. Ruddy only describes reddish skin, a sign of health.

这四个词都可以表示“身体健康、无恙”，但侧重点和语气不同：sound强调身体、心智或器官没有缺陷、功能正常，常用于“sound mind”等固定搭配，语气较正式；healthy是最常用、最中性的日常用词；whole强调经历危险或伤病后身体完好无损、恢复健康，语气文学化，常见于“safe and whole”这类固定表达；ruddy只形容脸色红润，是健康的外在表现，而非直接指身体健康本身。这里不比较sound的“声音”这一名词义，以及whole的“整个的”这一形容词义。

Compared meaning: reliable, unlikely to fail or cause problems (adjective).

比较义项：可靠的，稳妥可信、不易出问题的（形容词）。

• sound 本词

  Focuses on being well-reasoned and dependable because it is based on solid judgment, facts or structure, not luck; common for advice, plans, arguments and finances.

  强调因为有扎实的判断、事实或结构作为依据而稳妥可信，而非靠运气；常用于建议、计划、论证和财务状况。

  His financial advisor gave him sound advice about saving for retirement.

  他的理财顾问就退休储蓄给了他可靠的建议。

• safe

  Focuses on low risk of loss, failure or harm; an option is dependable because it avoids danger or uncertainty, common for choices, bets and investments.

  强调风险小、不容易造成损失或伤害；一个选择之所以可靠，是因为能避免危险或不确定性，常用于选择、赌注和投资。

  Choosing that airline is a safe bet since they rarely have delays.

  选择那家航空公司是稳妥的，因为他们很少晚点。

• secure

  Focuses on long-term stability and protection, giving confidence that something will not fail, be lost or taken away; common for jobs, income and relationships.

  强调长期稳定、有保障，让人相信某事物不会失败、丢失或被夺走；常用于工作、收入和人际关系。

  A secure job in the public sector gives him real peace of mind.

  在公共部门有一份稳定可靠的工作让他真正安心。

Sound, safe, and secure all describe something reliable, but differ: sound means well-reasoned, based on solid judgment, used for advice. Safe means low risk of loss or failure, used for choices or investments. Secure means stable and protected over time, giving confidence, used for jobs.

这三个词在“可靠、稳妥、不易出问题”这一义项上意思相近，但侧重点不同：sound 强调基于合理判断或扎实依据而站得住脚，safe 强调风险小、不会带来损失，secure 强调长期稳定、有保障、令人安心。这里不比较 sound 作“声音”的名词义或“健康的、熟睡的”形容词义，不比较 safe“免于人身危险”的义（如例句中戴头盔骑车），也不比较 secure“牢固地关好、锁好”的义（如例句中把门锁好）。

Compared meaning: reasonable, well-founded (adjective).

比较义项：合理的、有根据的（形容词）。

• sound 本词

  Describes judgment, advice, or reasoning that is solid, well-founded, and free of flaws, based on experience or good sense; typically pairs with advice, investment, or judgment.

  形容判断、建议或推理稳妥、有根据、没有漏洞，通常基于经验或良好的判断力，常见于建议、投资、判断等场合。

  Her financial advisor gave her sound advice about saving for retirement.

  她的理财顾问就退休储蓄给了她合理稳妥的建议。

• legitimate

  Describes a reason, concern, or complaint that is fair and justified, often used to defend it against being dismissed or doubted by others.

  形容理由、担忧或抱怨公平合理，令人信服，常用于为其辩护，以防被别人忽视或质疑。

  Employees voiced a legitimate complaint about the unsafe working conditions.

  员工们就不安全的工作条件提出了合理正当的抱怨。

• valid

  Describes an argument or objection that follows logically and holds up under scrutiny, focusing on whether the reasoning itself is correct.

  形容论点或异议在逻辑上站得住脚、经得起推敲，重点在于推理本身是否正确。

  She raised a valid objection to the flawed research methodology.

  她针对存在缺陷的研究方法提出了一个站得住脚的合理异议。

• reasoned

  Describes a decision or response that is careful and logical because the person thought it through step by step, contrasted with an emotional or hasty reaction.

  形容决定或回应经过深思熟虑、有条理，因为当事人一步步推理过，与情绪化或仓促的反应相对。

  He gave a reasoned response instead of reacting in anger.

  他给出了一个经过深思熟虑的合理回应，而不是愤怒地做出反应。

Sound, legitimate, valid, and reasoned all describe something well-founded, but differ: sound describes solid, reliable judgment or advice. Legitimate describes a reason that is fair and justified. Valid describes an argument that follows logically and holds up. Reasoned describes a decision made carefully and logically.

这几个词在“合理、有根据”这一义项上意思相近，但语气和使用场合不同：sound 强调判断或建议稳妥可靠，legitimate 强调理由或诉求正当、值得认可，valid 强调论点在逻辑上站得住脚，reasoned 强调经过深思熟虑、有条理。这里不比较 sound 的“声音”或“健康的”义，不比较 legitimate 的“合法的”义，也不比较 valid 的“有效的”（如护照、车票仍然有效）义。