petroleum

Compared meaning: natural oil taken from under the ground (noun).

比较义项：从地下开采出的天然石油（原油）（名词）。

• crude

  As a noun, "crude" is short for crude oil; it is common in trade and industry talk (oil prices, exports, pipelines) and always implies the raw, unrefined state.

  作为名词，crude是crude oil（原油）的简称，常用于贸易和行业语境（如油价、出口、管道），总是暗示未经提炼的原始状态。

  Crude prices rose sharply after the pipeline was shut down for repairs.

  管道因维修关闭后，原油价格大幅上涨。

• petroleum 本词

  "Petroleum" is the formal, general term for the natural oil resource itself, used in scientific, economic and official writing, and can cover the resource before or after refining.

  petroleum是指这种天然石油资源本身的正式通用说法，多用于科学、经济和官方文本中，既可以指提炼前的石油，也可以指提炼后的石油。

  Petroleum remains one of the world's most important sources of energy.

  石油仍然是世界上最重要的能源之一。

Crude and petroleum can both mean natural oil from under the ground, but crude, short for crude oil, stresses the raw, unrefined state and is common in trade and industry talk. Petroleum is a more formal, general term, covering the resource before or after refining.

这两个词都可以指从地下开采出的天然石油，但crude作名词时是crude oil（原油）的简称，强调未经提炼加工的原始状态，多见于贸易、行业语境（如油价、出口）；petroleum是更正式、涵盖面更广的书面用词，既可以指提炼前的原油，也可以泛指提炼后的石油及其相关产业。crude还有“粗糙的；粗俗的”等形容词义项，这里不作比较。