crude

Compared meaning: not yet processed (adjective).

比较义项：未经加工、未经处理的（形容词）。

• raw

  Neutral, everyday word for materials or foods that have not been cooked, treated, or refined; common in food and material contexts, no negative tone.

  中性的日常用词，指未经烹煮、处理或提炼的材料或食物；常用于食物和材料语境，不带负面色彩。

  The factory imports raw cotton and turns it into fabric.

  这家工厂进口生棉，并把它加工成布料。

• crude 本词

  Usually describes industrial materials, especially oil, before refining; often implies roughness or lack of sophistication when used more broadly.

  通常用于描述工业原料，尤其是石油，在提炼之前的状态；用于更广泛的语境时，常带有粗糙、不精细的意味。

  Tankers carry crude oil from the port to the refinery.

  油轮把原油从港口运到炼油厂。

Raw and crude both describe materials not yet processed. Raw is neutral and everyday, common for food and materials. Crude usually describes industrial materials, especially oil, and can suggest roughness. Raw can also mean 'uncooked' or 'blunt', and crude can mean 'rude'; not compared here.

两词都可以形容食材、材料等“未经加工”的状态，但语气和典型搭配不同：raw 是中性的日常用词，常用于食物、材料等具体事物；crude 则更常见于工业原料语境，且带有“粗糙、不精细”的隐含负面意味。raw 还有“生的（未煮熟）”这一更窄的常见义，此处只比较“未加工”这一层含义；raw 的“坦率的、未经修饰的（感情、数据）”等其他义项此处不作比较，crude 的“粗鲁的，粗俗的”这一义项此处也不作比较。

Compared meaning: natural oil taken from under the ground (noun).

比较义项：从地下开采出的天然石油（原油）（名词）。

• crude 本词

  As a noun, "crude" is short for crude oil; it is common in trade and industry talk (oil prices, exports, pipelines) and always implies the raw, unrefined state.

  作为名词，crude是crude oil（原油）的简称，常用于贸易和行业语境（如油价、出口、管道），总是暗示未经提炼的原始状态。

  Crude prices rose sharply after the pipeline was shut down for repairs.

  管道因维修关闭后，原油价格大幅上涨。

• petroleum

  "Petroleum" is the formal, general term for the natural oil resource itself, used in scientific, economic and official writing, and can cover the resource before or after refining.

  petroleum是指这种天然石油资源本身的正式通用说法，多用于科学、经济和官方文本中，既可以指提炼前的石油，也可以指提炼后的石油。

  Petroleum remains one of the world's most important sources of energy.

  石油仍然是世界上最重要的能源之一。

Crude and petroleum can both mean natural oil from under the ground, but crude, short for crude oil, stresses the raw, unrefined state and is common in trade and industry talk. Petroleum is a more formal, general term, covering the resource before or after refining.

这两个词都可以指从地下开采出的天然石油，但crude作名词时是crude oil（原油）的简称，强调未经提炼加工的原始状态，多见于贸易、行业语境（如油价、出口）；petroleum是更正式、涵盖面更广的书面用词，既可以指提炼前的原油，也可以泛指提炼后的石油及其相关产业。crude还有“粗糙的；粗俗的”等形容词义项，这里不作比较。