muddy

Compared meaning: dirty, covered with dirt or mud (adjective).

比较义项：脏的，沾有污垢或泥土的（形容词）。

• dirty

  The most general, neutral word for covered with dirt; it can describe almost any kind of mess and carries no special sense of extreme degree or a specific source like mud.

  最通用、中性的词，表示沾满污垢，几乎可以形容任何脏乱的情况，没有程度极端或特定来源（如泥土）的含义。

  His hands were dirty from fixing the car all afternoon.

  他整个下午都在修车，双手弄得很脏。

• muddy 本词

  Describes something covered with or full of mud specifically, usually from rain, wet ground, or water; not used for dust, grease, or other kinds of dirt.

  专指沾满或充满泥浆，通常是因雨水、湿地或水而弄脏；不用来形容灰尘、油污等其他种类的污垢。

  After the rainstorm, the dog's paws were muddy from the garden.

  暴雨过后，小狗的爪子沾满了花园里的泥巴。

• nasty

  An informal, disapproving word that adds a sense of disgust or revulsion to being dirty, often exaggerating how unpleasant something looks or feels.

  口语化、带贬义色彩的词，除了脏之外还带有令人厌恶、反感的意味，常用来夸张地形容东西多么令人不快。

  That gas station bathroom was so nasty I refused to use it.

  那家加油站的厕所脏得让人反感，我根本不想用。

• filthy

  A stronger word than dirty, describing something extremely or thoroughly dirty, often with thick, ingrained grime built up over time.

  比 dirty 语气更强，形容极其肮脏、彻底脏污，常指长期积累、很难清除的污垢。

  The old warehouse floor was filthy, covered in decades of grime and dust.

  那间旧仓库的地板脏得不成样子，积满了几十年的污垢和灰尘。

Dirty, muddy, nasty, and filthy all mean dirty, but differ in degree and tone. Muddy means covered with mud. Filthy means extremely dirty. Nasty adds disgust. Dirty is the most neutral word. This does not cover nasty meaning bad, or dirty meaning dishonest.

这四个词都可以形容“脏”，但程度和语气不同：muddy 特指沾满泥浆，filthy 强调脏的程度很深，nasty 带有令人厌恶的主观评价，dirty 最中性、最常用。这里不比较 nasty 表示“令人不快的、恶劣的”（如天气、性格）以及 dirty 表示“不正当的、下流的”等其他义项。