harm

Compared meaning: physical or emotional damage or injury (noun).

比较义项：身体或情感上的伤害、损伤（名词）。

• hurt

  Hurt is an informal, often abstract noun mainly for emotional pain; it rarely names a specific physical wound and appears in personal, everyday contexts.

  hurt是较口语化、较抽象的名词，主要指内心的情感伤痛，很少用来指具体的身体伤口，常出现在个人化、日常的语境中。

  She still felt a private hurt whenever she recalled his cruel words.

  每当想起他那些残忍的话，她仍会感到一种私密的伤痛。

• injury

  Injury is the neutral, specific term for physical damage to the body, common in medical, sports and accident contexts, and is freely countable.

  injury是中性、具体的词，专指身体上的伤害，常见于医疗、运动和事故语境，并且可以自由地用作可数名词。

  The player was forced off the field with a serious ankle injury.

  那名球员因严重的脚踝受伤被迫下场。

• trauma

  Trauma names either a severe physical wound or a deeply shocking experience with lasting psychological effects, and often carries a formal or clinical tone.

  trauma既可以指严重的外伤，也可以指造成持久心理影响的强烈冲击性经历，语气往往比较正式或带有临床色彩。

  Survivors of the earthquake needed counseling to cope with the trauma.

  地震幸存者需要接受心理辅导来应对这种创伤。

• harm 本词

  Harm is the broadest term, covering damage to people, animals, objects or the environment, and frequently occurs in the collocations 'do harm' and 'cause harm'.

  harm是范围最广的词，可以指对人、动物、物品乃至环境造成的损害，常与do harm、cause harm这类搭配一起使用。

  Pesticides can cause long-term harm to the environment and its ecosystems.

  农药会对环境及其生态系统造成长期的损害。

Hurt, injury, trauma, harm all mean damage, but differ in strength. Hurt: informal, emotional pain. Injury: a specific physical wound (medicine, sports). Trauma: most serious, a severe wound or lasting psychological shock. Harm: broadest, for people, animals, or things. The verb hurt is not compared.

这几个词都可以表示伤害或损伤，但程度和用法不同：hurt较为口语化，多指内心的伤痛，较少用来指具体的身体伤口；injury专指身体上的具体伤害，常见于医疗、运动和事故语境；trauma程度最重，既可指严重的外伤，也可指造成持久心理影响的创伤性经历，语气较正式；harm是范围最广的词，既可指对人和动物的伤害，也可指对环境等事物造成的损害。这里不比较hurt作动词（使……受伤，伤害某人）的用法。