gloomy

Compared meaning: having little or no light (adjective).

比较义项：形容光线昏暗、缺乏亮度（形容词）。

• dark

  The most general and strongest word for lack of light; can describe total darkness in a place, unlike words tied to a specific light level or time of day.

  语气最强、最通用的“黑暗”一词，可以指完全没有光线的状态，不像其他词那样限定具体的光线程度或时间段。

  The basement was completely dark; I couldn't see my hand.

  地下室完全漆黑一片，我连自己的手都看不见。

• twilight

  Refers specifically to the dim light just before sunrise or after sunset, tied to that time of day rather than describing darkness in general.

  特指日出前或日落后那段微弱光线的时段，与具体的时间点相关，而不是泛指昏暗。

  We watched the sky turn a soft orange at twilight, just after sunset.

  日落后不久的暮光时分，我们看着天空变成柔和的橙色。

• dim

  Describes a weak or faint light, often from a specific source, not the total absence of light; commonly used for lamps, rooms or views.

  形容微弱、不明亮的光线（常指某个光源），而不是完全没有光线；常用来形容灯光、房间或视野。

  The dim streetlight barely lit the narrow alley behind our house.

  昏暗的路灯几乎照不亮我们家后面那条狭窄的小巷。

• gloomy 本词

  Dark in a way that also suggests a sad or depressing mood, often used for weather, skies or atmospheres rather than just light level.

  形容昏暗中带有令人沮丧、忧郁的情绪色彩，常用来形容天气、天空或氛围，而不仅仅是光线程度。

  The gloomy grey sky made the whole afternoon feel sad and heavy.

  阴沉灰暗的天空让整个下午都显得压抑而沉闷。

Dark, twilight, dim, and gloomy all describe weak or missing light. Dark is the strongest and general. Twilight is the faint light before sunrise or after sunset. Dim is a weak light from a source, like a lamp. Gloomy adds a sad feeling to darkness.

这几个词都能形容光线不足或昏暗的状态，但侧重点、程度和使用场合各不相同：dark 语气最强最通用，twilight 专指黎明或黄昏的微光时段，dim 强调光源微弱而非完全无光，gloomy 则常带有令人沮丧的情绪色彩。这里不比较 dark 表示“肤色深”或“秘密的”之义，也不比较 gloomy 表示“悲观、沮丧”心情的比喻义，以及 twilight 表示“（事业等的）衰落期”的比喻义。

Compared meaning: feeling or causing sadness (adjective).

比较义项：感到或令人感到忧郁、沮丧（形容词）。

• blue

  Blue describes a person's own temporary sad mood, always with a linking verb like feel or look; it is casual and not used to describe things or events, only people.

  blue 只能用来形容人自己一时的伤感情绪，常与 feel、look 等系动词连用，属于口语化用法，不能形容事物或事件。

  Don't worry about him, he's just feeling a little blue today.

  别担心他，他今天只是有点儿忧郁（郁闷）而已。

• dismal

  Dismal usually describes external things such as weather, scenery, or situations that are dark, gloomy, and depressing; it is a formal or literary word rarely used to describe how a person personally feels.

  dismal 多用于描述天气、景象或处境等外部事物阴沉、令人沮丧，语气较为正式或文学化，很少用来形容人自身的情绪感受。

  The dismal grey skies made everyone want to stay indoors all weekend.

  阴沉的灰色天空让大家整个周末都不想出门。

• depressing

  Depressing describes something, such as news, a situation, or a place, that causes sadness or hopelessness in people who experience it; unlike blue or gloomy, it never describes a person's own mood directly.

  depressing 用来形容令人产生悲伤或绝望情绪的事物，如新闻、处境或地方等，而不会直接形容人自己此刻的心情。

  Reading the depressing news every morning left him feeling hopeless about the future.

  每天早上读这些令人沮丧的新闻，让他对未来感到绝望。

• gloomy 本词

  Gloomy is the most general word: it can describe a person's sad mood or an atmosphere, weather, or outlook, without the strong formality of dismal or the external-cause-only sense of depressing.

  gloomy 是这组词中最通用的一个，既可以形容人的忧郁情绪，也可以形容天气、氛围等外部环境，不像 dismal 那样正式，也不像 depressing 那样只能形容引发伤感情绪的事物。

  She felt gloomy all afternoon, staring out at the gray, rainy sky.

  她整个下午都闷闷不乐，望着窗外灰蒙蒙的雨天。

Blue, dismal, depressing, and gloomy all relate to sad feelings. Blue is a person's own temporary mood, informal. Dismal describes external things, like weather, and is formal. Depressing describes something causing sadness in others. Gloomy is the most general word. Blue's color meaning is separate.

这四个词在“令人感到忧郁、沮丧”这一意义上相近，但适用对象和语域不同：blue 通常只用于描述人自己一时的心情，口语化；dismal 多形容天气、场合等外部事物，语气较正式；depressing 强调某事物使人产生悲伤或绝望的情绪；gloomy 则人和事物皆可用，最为通用。此处不比较 blue 表示“蓝色”这一颜色的意思。