awake

Compared meaning: not asleep (adjective).

比较义项：醒着的，没有睡觉（形容词）。

• up

  Informal, used mainly in short answers or questions about someone's daily routine, meaning already out of bed and not sleeping; usually follows a linking verb, rarely placed before a noun.

  较为口语化，多用于谈论某人的日常作息，表示已经起床、没有在睡觉；通常放在系动词之后，很少用在名词前面。

  She's usually up by six, even on weekends, ready to start the day.

  她通常六点就已经起床了，即使在周末也一样，准备好开始新的一天。

• awake 本词

  The most neutral, general word for not being asleep; can be intensified with 'wide' or 'still', and can be used both before and after a noun.

  是表示“醒着”最中性、最常用的词；可以用 wide、still 等加强语气，既能放在名词前，也能放在系动词之后。

  He was wide awake and couldn't stop thinking about the exam.

  他彻底醒着，满脑子都是那场考试，怎么也停不下来。

• sleepless

  Emphasizes an inability to fall asleep, often because of worry, illness or discomfort; most commonly describes 'night(s)' or a person suffering from insomnia, with a more literary, troubled tone.

  强调“无法入睡”，常因担心、生病或不适而引起；最常用来形容“夜晚”或经历失眠的人，语气更书面，带有困扰、煎熬的意味。

  After three sleepless nights, she finally saw a doctor about her insomnia.

  经过三个不眠之夜后，她终于去看医生，咨询她的失眠问题。

Up, awake, and sleepless all mean not sleeping. Up is informal, for someone already out of bed. Awake is the usual, neutral word. Sleepless stresses being unable to fall asleep, often about worry or a long night. Up's other sense is not compared here.

这三个词都可表示“醒着、没有睡觉”，但语气和搭配不同：up 口语化，多用于说某人已经起床、没在睡觉；awake 是最常用、最中性的说法，可用 wide、still 等加强语气；sleepless 强调“无法入睡”，常修饰 night 这类词，或指因失眠、担心而睡不着的人，语气更书面，带有困扰的意味。这里不比较 up 表示“向上、增加”等其他常见意义，也不比较 awake 作为动词“唤醒、醒来”的用法（当前仅比较形容词用法）。

Compared meaning: to wake someone from sleep (verb).

比较义项：唤醒，使某人停止睡眠（动词）。

• wake

  The everyday, neutral word for ending sleep; usually used with 'up' and works both for waking someone else and waking up oneself, in speech and writing alike.

  wake是最日常、最中性的“醒来／唤醒”用词，通常与up连用，既可用于唤醒别人，也可用于自己醒来，口语和书面语中都常用。

  The alarm clock woke him up at six every morning.

  闹钟每天早上六点把他叫醒。

• awaken

  A more formal, literary alternative to wake; it does not need 'up' and can describe waking someone else or waking up oneself, often in written or dramatic contexts.

  awaken是比wake更正式、更书面化的说法，不需要加up，既可表示唤醒别人，也可表示自己醒来，常用于书面语或戏剧性的语境中。

  The soldiers were awakened by gunfire in the distance before dawn.

  天亮前，士兵们被远处的枪声惊醒。

• awake 本词

  An old-fashioned or literary verb, most often seen in its past form 'awoke' in narrative writing; in everyday spoken English, 'wake up' is used instead.

  awake是较为老式或文学化的动词，最常以过去式awoke出现在叙述性文字中；在日常口语英语中，人们通常会用wake up来代替。

  The thunderclap awoke the child, who began crying at once.

  雷声把孩子惊醒了，孩子立刻哭了起来。

• arouse

  A formal, literary word for waking someone from sleep; it usually needs a phrase like 'from sleep' to be clear, because arouse more often means to stir up a feeling, interest, or suspicion.

  arouse是表示把人从睡眠中唤醒的正式、书面用词，通常需要加上像“from sleep”这样的短语才能表达清楚，因为arouse更常见的意思是唤起某种情绪、兴趣或怀疑。

  The smell of smoke finally aroused him from his deep sleep.

  烟味最终把他从沉睡中唤醒。

All four can mean to wake someone from sleep. Wake is the everyday word. Awaken is more formal and literary. Awake is old-fashioned, mostly seen as 'awoke' in stories. Arouse is formal and usually needs 'from sleep', since it often means to stir a feeling.

这四个词在“把人叫醒”这一意义上相近，但语体和搭配有别：wake最口语常用，awaken和awake更正式或书面化，awake常以过去式awoke出现在叙述性文字中，而arouse在此意义上很正式，且通常需要加上“from sleep”一类短语，否则容易被理解为其更常见的“唤起（兴趣、怀疑等情绪）”之义。这里不比较awaken“使意识到某事”的义项、arouse“唤起、激起（情绪、兴趣等）”的义项，以及awake作形容词表示“醒着的”的用法。