support

Compared meaning: to support someone or something (verb).

比较义项：支持（动词）。

• back

  Informal and versatile; means to give support or backing to a person, plan, or side, often implying loyalty, financial help, or standing behind someone in a dispute.

  较为口语化、用法灵活，指在背后支持某人、某项计划或某一方，常暗示忠诚、提供经济帮助，或在争执中支持某一方。

  Her family backed her decision to quit her job and travel.

  她的家人支持她辞职去旅行的决定。

• support 本词

  The most neutral and general term; means to give help, encouragement, or emotional, financial, or practical assistance, without endorse's public, formal tone.

  语气最中性、最通用，指给予帮助、鼓励，或提供情感、经济、实际方面的援助，没有endorse那种公开、正式的意味。

  Her parents supported her through years of medical school, both emotionally and financially.

  她的父母在她读医学院的那些年里，从精神上和经济上都支持她。

• endorse

  Formal; means to publicly state approval or support for something, especially a candidate, product, or policy, often through an official statement or advertisement.

  较为正式，指公开表态支持或认可某事物，尤其用于候选人、产品或政策，常通过正式声明或广告的形式表达。

  The senator publicly endorsed the new healthcare bill before the vote.

  这位参议员在投票前公开表示支持这项新的医保法案。

Back, support, and endorse all mean to support someone. Back is informal, meaning to stand behind a person, often with loyalty or money. Support is the most neutral, meaning to give help or encouragement. Endorse is formal, meaning to publicly approve of something.

这三个词在“支持”这个意义上相近，但语气和使用场合不同：back较口语化，指在背后支持某人或站在某一方；support语气中性，指提供帮助、鼓励或资源；endorse较为正式，指公开表态支持，常用于代言、认可候选人或产品。这里不比较back的“返回”“背部”等义项，也不比较endorse的“签署”义项，也不比较support的“支撑（物理重量）”义项。

Compared meaning: to help keep something going (verb).

比较义项：给予帮助以维持某事物的存续或正常运转（动词）。

• support 本词

  A general word for giving help, encouragement, or resources to someone or something, often used for people helping each other; not tied to duration.

  泛指给予帮助、鼓励或资源，常用于人与人之间互相帮助，不强调持续时间的长短。

  Friends should support each other during difficult times.

  朋友之间在困难时期应该互相扶持。

• sustain

  Emphasizes keeping something alive, functioning, or in existence over a period of time, often through continuous effort; more formal, typically used with crops, life, or systems.

  强调通过持续的努力使某事物在一段时间内维持存活或正常运转，语气更正式，常与庄稼、生命、体系等词搭配。

  Farmers work hard to sustain their crops during dry seasons.

  农民们在旱季努力工作以维持庄稼的存活。

Support and sustain both mean to help something continue to exist or work well. Support is a general word for giving help of any kind, emotional, physical, or financial. Sustain stresses keeping something alive or working over a long time, and sounds more formal.

两者都表示“给予帮助使某物得以维持”，但support泛指各种形式的帮助（情感、经济、身体等），常用于人与人之间；sustain更强调长期、持续地维持某种状态或使某物存活下去，语气也更正式，常搭配资源、生命、经济等词。这里不比较support的“证实、证明”等其他义项。

Compared meaning: help given to a person or cause (noun).

比较义项：支持、帮助（名词）。

• support 本词

  A general, everyday word for help of any kind - emotional, physical, or financial; can also be used as a verb; neutral register.

  “support”是通用词，可指情感、身体或经济等各种支持，日常口语中常用，也可作动词，属中性语域。

  She gave her sister emotional support after the diagnosis.

  姐姐确诊后，她给予了姐姐情感上的支持。

• backing

  Specifically financial, political, or organizational support, often from investors or a powerful group; more formal, common in business or political contexts; often paired with 'strong', 'financial', or 'full'.

  “backing”特指来自投资者、政治力量或机构的资金、政治或组织性支持，语域更正式，常见于商业或政治语境，常与“strong”“financial”“full”等词搭配。

  The startup secured backing from several venture capital firms.

  这家初创公司获得了多家风险投资公司的支持。

Support and backing both mean help given to a person or cause. Support is a general, everyday word for help of any kind, emotional, physical, or financial. Backing specifically means financial, political, or organizational support, often from investors, and sounds more formal.

这两个词在“支持”这一义项上意思相近，但backing更强调来自机构、投资者或政治力量的资金或组织性支持，语域更正式；support则是日常通用词，可用于情感、身体或经济等各种场合。这里不比较backing的“衬背”义项。