split

Compared meaning: a torn or split opening in something (noun).

比较义项：撕裂、破裂处（名词）。

• tear

  The plain, neutral word for a torn opening in cloth, paper, or skin, with no hint of force; used for a hole of any size caused by pulling or catching on something.

  这是一个中性、笼统的词，指布料、纸张或皮肤上因拉扯或钩挂而形成的裂口，大小不限，也不带用力大小的含义。

  There's a small tear in the corner of this page.

  这页纸的角上有一个小裂口。

• rip

  Implies a rougher, more sudden or forceful tear, usually bigger, caused by yanking, snagging, or careless handling; slightly more informal than tear.

  暗示更粗暴、更突然、用力更大的撕裂，裂口通常更大，多由猛拉、钩挂或不小心造成，语气比 tear 略随意。

  The wind caused a rip right down the middle of the old sail.

  大风把那面旧帆从中间撕开了一道大口子。

• split 本词

  A lengthwise crack along a seam, joint, or grain, usually caused by pressure, strain, or drying rather than pulling; typically used for wood, seams, or similar rigid material.

  指沿接缝、连接处或纹理方向出现的一道纵向裂缝，通常由压力、张力或干燥等原因造成，而不是拉扯；常用于木材、接缝等较硬的材料。

  A split appeared in the log after it dried out in the sun.

  这根木头在太阳下晒干后出现了一道裂缝。

Tear, rip, and split describe a torn opening. Tear is the plain word for cloth, paper, or skin. Rip is rougher, more sudden, and bigger. Split is a lengthwise crack along a seam, from pressure or drying. Tear meaning eye tears is not compared.

这三个词都指物体表面因外力而出现的裂口或裂缝，语气和材质侧重不同：tear 和 rip 多用于布料、纸张等软质材料被撕开的口子，split 则多指木材、接缝等因压力或干燥而出现的纵向裂缝。此处不比较 tear 作「眼泪」的义项。

Compared meaning: broken or torn apart (adjective).

比较义项：裂开的、破损的（分成或撕成几部分）（形容词）。

• split 本词

  Split describes something divided or broken into two or more parts along a line, often by cutting, pressure, or impact; can sound clean and even, as with wood, a lip, or split ends.

  split强调沿着某条线断裂或分成两部分或多部分，常因切割、挤压或撞击造成，听起来可以是干净利落的，例如木头、裂开的嘴唇或分叉的发梢。

  The plank of wood was split cleanly in two by a single axe blow.

  这块木板被一斧头劈成了两半，断面很干净。

• torn

  Torn describes fabric, paper, or skin ripped apart by pulling or catching on something; it sounds forceful and ragged, usually accidental or damaging, as with torn clothes or a torn page.

  torn强调织物、纸张或皮肤因拉扯或被勾住而被撕裂，听起来用力且参差不齐，通常是意外造成的损坏，例如撕破的衣服或撕烂的书页。

  The paper map was torn along the crease after being folded so many times.

  那张纸质地图沿着折痕被撕破了，因为被反复折叠了太多次。

Split and torn both describe something broken apart. Split means divided along a line, by cutting or pressure. Torn means fabric or skin ripped by pulling, sounding forceful and ragged. Their other senses, splitting money and feeling torn, are not compared.

split和torn在这个意义上都表示物体裂开或破损，但split强调沿线断裂或分成几部分，可以是整齐甚至是有意为之的；torn强调因拉扯而撕裂，通常参差不齐、带有意外损坏的意味。这里不比较split的“平分、分摊”义（如split the bill）和torn的“心情矛盾、难以抉择”义（如torn between two choices）。