rugged

Compared meaning: uneven, stony ground or land (adjective).

比较义项：地面／地形凹凸不平、多石（形容词）。

• rough

  General word for any uneven or bumpy surface; not limited to rocks, and weaker or less dramatic than rugged; commonly used for roads, seas, or skin.

  泛指任何凹凸不平、坑洼的表面，不一定与石头有关，程度也比rugged轻，常用于形容道路、海面或皮肤。

  The dirt path was rough and full of potholes after the storm.

  暴风雨过后，那条土路变得凹凸不平，布满坑洞。

• rocky

  Describes ground literally covered with rocks or stones; more specific than rough, which does not imply that rocks are actually present.

  特指地面布满石块、石头遍地，比rough更具体，因为rough并不暗示地面上有石头。

  The beach was rocky, so we couldn't walk there barefoot.

  那片海滩满是石头，我们没法赤脚走路。

• rugged 本词

  Describes large-scale terrain that is both rough and rocky, often wild and hard to travel through; stronger and more dramatic than rough or rocky, typically used for mountains, landscapes, or coastlines.

  形容大范围地势，既凹凸不平又多石，通常地势险峻、难以通行，程度比rough或rocky更强烈，常用于形容山脉、地貌或海岸线。

  The coastline was wild and rugged, with steep cliffs everywhere.

  那段海岸线狂野崎岖，到处是陡峭的悬崖。

Rough, rocky, and rugged all describe uneven, stony ground. Rough is the general word for any bumpy surface, not always rocky. Rocky describes ground literally covered with rocks or stones. Rugged describes large, wild terrain that is both rough and rocky, like mountains or coastlines.

这三个词都可用来形容凹凸不平、崎岖的地面或地形，但侧重不同：rough泛指表面不平整，不一定与石头有关；rocky强调地面布满石块；rugged则强调地势险峻、起伏剧烈，常用于形容山脉、海岸线等大范围地貌。这里不比较rough表示“粗暴的、大概的”等其他义项，也不比较rugged形容外貌或性格“粗犷坚毅”的用法，以及rocky表示“不稳定的（如关系）”的用法。