rigorous

Compared meaning: strict or having high requirements (adjective).

比较义项：严格、要求严格或苛刻（形容词）。

• rigorous 本词

  Describes a process, method, or set of standards applied with great thoroughness and care, allowing no shortcuts; common in academic, scientific, or training contexts.

  形容过程、方法或标准执行得非常周密、认真，不允许有任何疏漏；常用于学术、科研或训练等语境。

  Her PhD thesis went through a rigorous review process before it was approved.

  她的博士论文在获批之前经过了严格周密的审查过程。

• tight

  Describes rules, control, budgets, or schedules that leave very little room for flexibility, error, or extra spending; common in everyday practical contexts like money and time.

  形容规则、管控、预算或时间安排非常紧，几乎没有灵活、出错或额外花销的余地；常用于金钱、时间等日常场景。

  The charity runs on a tight budget, so every dollar must be justified.

  这家慈善机构的预算非常紧张，所以每一分钱都必须有合理用途。

• strict

  Describes people, rules, or systems that demand exact compliance and do not tolerate deviation; typically used for teachers, parents, rules, or regulations.

  形容人、规则或制度要求被完全、准确地遵守，不容许偏离；常用于形容老师、家长、规则或规章制度。

  The coach is strict about players showing up ten minutes before practice.

  教练很严格，要求队员必须提前十分钟到场训练。

• demanding

  Describes a job, task, or person that requires a great deal of effort, skill, or attention, without necessarily involving rules being enforced.

  形容工作、任务或人要求付出很大的努力、技巧或专注，不一定涉及规则的执行。

  Nursing is demanding work that requires long hours and constant focus.

  护理工作要求很高，需要长时间工作并保持高度专注。

All four mean strict or very demanding. Rigorous means a process is thorough and careful, as in academic work. Tight means rules or schedules leave little flexibility. Strict means people or rules require exact compliance. Demanding means a task needs great effort, without enforcing rules.

这些词都可以表示“严格”，但侧重点不同：rigorous 强调过程或标准执行得极为周密、毫无疏漏；tight 强调管控紧、余地小；strict 强调规则被严格执行、不容通融；demanding 强调需要付出很大的努力或技巧，不一定涉及规则的执行。这里不比较 tight 表示“物理上紧绷、合身”的意思（如“鞋子穿一天后觉得太紧”）。