rampant

Compared meaning: out of control, not restrained (adjective).

比较义项：失控的、不受约束的（形容词）。

• wild

  Describes animals, plants or people that are untamed by nature or undisciplined by upbringing — not something that broke free, but something never controlled to begin with; common with animals and nature.

  描述天生未被驯化、或未受教养约束的动物、植物或人，强调的不是“原本受控后来挣脱”，而是“从一开始就未被约束”；常用于动物和自然事物。

  Wild horses still roam freely across parts of that western valley.

  野马仍然在那片西部山谷的部分地区自由地游荡。

• rampant 本词

  Describes something harmful — disease, crime, corruption — spreading fast and widely until it is hard to stop; used almost only with negative abstract nouns, usually as a predicate adjective.

  描述疾病、犯罪、腐败等有害事物迅速而广泛地蔓延、难以遏制；几乎只与负面的抽象名词搭配，通常作表语形容词使用。

  Corruption remains rampant among local officials despite the new anti-bribery laws.

  尽管有了新的反贿赂法律，当地官员中的腐败仍然十分猖獗。

• runaway

  Describes something that has physically or figuratively broken free from control, such as an escaped vehicle or animal, or a process that suddenly speeds up out of control; usually placed before the noun.

  描述某事物从控制或束缚中挣脱，比如失控的车辆或动物，或者突然加速失控的过程；通常放在名词之前作定语。

  The runaway train sped down the tracks with no one at the controls.

  那列失控的火车在无人操控的情况下沿铁轨疾驰而下。

• uncontrollable

  The strongest and most general term: completely impossible to control or stop, used for emotions, physical reactions, fires or events, without implying anything about nature, spreading or escape.

  语气最强、适用范围最广的词：表示完全无法控制或停止，常用于情绪、生理反应、火势或事件，不涉及天生、蔓延或挣脱的含义。

  The toddler burst into uncontrollable giggles during the quiet ceremony.

  那个小孩在安静的仪式上突然发出无法控制的咯咯笑声。

Wild, rampant, runaway, and uncontrollable all describe something out of control. Wild means never tamed. Rampant means harmful things spreading fast, like disease or crime. Runaway means broken free from control, like a vehicle. Uncontrollable is strongest, meaning impossible to control, for emotions.

这四个词都能表达“失控、不受约束”的含义，但语气和搭配不同：wild强调天生未被驯化，rampant强调负面事物蔓延失控，runaway强调挣脱束缚或突然加速，uncontrollable语气最强，泛指完全无法控制。这里不比较runaway表示“畅销的、非常成功的”（如runaway success）的用法，也不比较wild表示“狂热的、兴奋的”（如have a wild time）的用法。