propose

Compared meaning: to offer an idea for someone to think about (verb).

比较义项：提出想法或计划供人考虑（动词）。

• suggest

  Neutral, everyday word for offering an idea; does not imply special knowledge or authority. Common pattern: 'suggest (that) / suggest doing sth', never 'suggest somebody to do sth'.

  中性、日常用语，表示提出一个想法，不暗示说话者有专业知识或权威。常见搭配是「suggest (that)」或「suggest doing sth」，不能说「suggest somebody to do sth」。

  My friend suggested trying the new noodle shop downtown.

  我朋友建议尝尝市中心那家新开的面馆。

• advise

  Implies the speaker has relevant expertise or authority and directs the opinion at a specific person; typically 'advise somebody to do sth / advise somebody on sth', stronger and more personal than suggest.

  暗示说话者具备相关专业知识或权威，并把意见直接说给某个人听；常见搭配是「advise somebody to do sth」或「advise somebody on sth」，语气比 suggest 更强、更针对个人。

  The doctor advised her to cut down on sugar.

  医生劝她少吃糖。

• propose 本词

  More formal; used for a definite plan, idea or course of action, especially in meetings, business or official settings; the same word in a different sense also means to ask someone to marry you.

  更正式，用于提出一个明确的计划、想法或行动方案，常见于会议、商务或正式场合；同一个词在另一义项中还可以表示向某人求婚。

  The committee proposed a new schedule for next semester.

  委员会提议为下学期制定新的课程表。

Suggest, advise, and propose all mean to offer an idea, but formality differs. Suggest is common and neutral. Advise means the speaker has expertise and speaks to a person directly. Propose is more formal, for meetings or business. Not compared: propose (marriage), advise (to inform).

这三个词都表示提出想法或计划供人考虑，但语气和正式程度不同：suggest 最普通、随意；advise 强调说话者具有专业知识或权威，并直接针对某人给出意见；propose 更正式，常用于会议、商务或正式场合提出方案。这里不比较 propose 的“求婚”义项，也不比较 advise 的“通知”义项。

Compared meaning: to ask someone to marry you (verb).

比较义项：向某人求婚（动词）。

• offer

  Formal and somewhat old-fashioned; needs an explicit object, usually the fixed phrase 'offer marriage' or 'offer someone one's hand' — the word 'marriage' cannot be dropped the way it can with propose.

  语气正式、略显过时；通常需要明确的宾语，常用固定搭配 offer marriage 或 offer someone one's hand（正式求婚），不能像 propose 那样省略 marriage 一词。

  In the letter, he formally offered her marriage, as custom required.

  按照当时的习俗，他在信中正式向她求婚。

• propose 本词

  The everyday, standard verb for asking someone to marry you; often used alone as 'propose to somebody', with the marriage proposal understood without stating it.

  求婚的常用、标准说法；常单独用作 propose to somebody（向某人求婚），求婚的内容可以不必明说。

  He got down on one knee and proposed to her in the park.

  他单膝跪地，在公园里向她求婚了。

Both words can mean to ask someone to marry you. Propose is the everyday, standard verb, often used alone as 'propose to somebody', with the marriage proposal understood. Offer is formal and old-fashioned, needing an explicit object, usually the fixed phrase 'offer marriage'.

propose 和 offer 都可以表示向某人求婚，但语气和用法不同：propose 是现代英语中最自然、最常用的说法，甚至可以单独说 propose to somebody（求婚的内容可以省略）；offer 语域更正式、略显过时，通常要跟明确的宾语，固定搭配是 offer marriage 或 offer someone one's hand。这里不比较 offer 的“提供、提出”义（如 offer a training program）和 propose 的“提议、建议”义（如 propose a new schedule）。