peril

Compared meaning: danger of harm or loss (noun).

比较义项：危险，可能遭受伤害或损失的状态（名词）。

• risk

  Risk names the probability that harm may occur, often resulting from a choice or action; used with 'the risk of' and can be measured, reduced, or taken deliberately.

  risk 指某种伤害发生的可能性，常源于某种选择或行为；常与“the risk of”连用，其大小可以被衡量、降低，也可以被主动承担。

  Driving too fast increases the risk of an accident.

  开车太快会增加发生事故的风险。

• peril 本词

  Peril describes serious, often life-threatening danger, usually in dramatic or literary contexts, frequently paired with 'grave' or used in the phrase 'in peril'.

  peril 表示严重的、往往危及生命的危险，多用于戏剧化或文学化的语境，常与“grave”搭配，或用于“in peril”这一短语中。

  The sailors were in grave peril when the storm suddenly grew stronger.

  当暴风雨突然变得更猛烈时，水手们身处极大的危险之中。

• hazard

  Hazard refers to a specific thing, condition or source that could cause harm, typically used as a countable noun in safety contexts, such as 'a fire hazard'.

  hazard 指可能造成伤害的具体事物、状况或来源，在安全语境中常作可数名词使用，如“a fire hazard”（火灾隐患）。

  Wet floors are a hazard because people can slip and fall.

  湿滑的地板是一种隐患，因为人们可能会滑倒摔倒。

• jeopardy

  Jeopardy is formal and almost always appears in the fixed phrase 'in jeopardy' or 'put in jeopardy', describing something valuable being endangered or at risk of loss.

  jeopardy 语气正式，几乎只出现在“in jeopardy”或“put...in jeopardy”这类固定搭配中，用来描述有价值的事物正面临被损害或失去的风险。

  His careless mistake put the whole project in serious jeopardy.

  他粗心的失误使整个项目陷入了严重的危险之中。

Risk, peril, hazard, and jeopardy all mean danger. Risk is the chance harm may happen. Peril means serious, life-threatening danger, used in dramatic writing. Hazard names a specific dangerous thing or source. Jeopardy is formal, mainly used in the phrase in jeopardy.

这几个词都表示“危险”，但语气强弱和用法搭配不同：risk 强调伤害发生的概率，常与“the risk of”连用，也可以被主动承担或降低；peril 语气强烈，多指严重的、危及生命的危险，常用于戏剧化或文学化的语境；hazard 常指具体的危险源或隐患，在安全语境中作可数名词使用；jeopardy 语气正式，几乎只出现在“in jeopardy”这类固定搭配中，强调有价值的事物面临失去的风险。这里不比较 risk 作动词“冒......的风险”的用法，也不比较 hazard 作动词“大胆猜测”的用法（如 hazard a guess）。