partial

Compared meaning: incomplete, covering only part of something (adjective).

比较义项：不完整的，只涉及部分或大概情况（形容词）。

• partial 本词

  Refers to only part of a whole amount or scope, without implying vagueness or unreliability; typical collocations are partial payment, refund, credit, or answer.

  指仅涉及整体中的一部分或一定数量，不涉及信息是否含糊或不可靠；常见搭配为部分退款、部分付款、部分学分或部分回答。

  The airline gave us only a partial refund for the cancelled flight.

  航空公司只给了我们部分退款，因为航班被取消了。

• sketchy

  Refers to a rough, vague account lacking detail, often sounding unreliable or hastily made; informal, typically describing plans, notes, or directions.

  指内容粗略、含糊，细节不足，语气较随意，常暗示不太可靠；常用于描述计划、笔记或指路信息。

  The directions he gave were sketchy, so we got lost on the way there.

  他给的指路说明很草率含糊，所以我们在路上迷路了。

Partial and sketchy both describe something incomplete, but differently. Partial means covering only part of a whole amount, without suggesting the details are vague or unreliable, as with a payment or answer. Sketchy means rough and lacking detail, sounding unreliable, typically describing plans or directions.

这两个词都可以表示“不完整”，但侧重点不同：partial 强调只是整体中的一部分，不涉及信息是否含糊或可靠；sketchy 强调内容粗略、细节不足，语气较随意，常暗示不太可靠。这里不比较 partial 表示“偏袒的”的义项，也不比较 sketchy 口语中表示“靠不住的、可疑的”的义项。

Compared meaning: unfairly favoring one side (adjective).

比较义项：偏袒的，不公正地偏向一方（形容词）。

• partial 本词

  More formal and literary; typically used with 'to' (partial to) and often describes judges, referees, or officials who should stay neutral but favor one side.

  语气更正式、更书面，通常与介词to连用（partial to），常用来形容本应保持中立却偏向一方的法官、裁判或官员。

  A referee must never be partial to the home team during a match.

  裁判在比赛中绝不能偏袒主队。

• biased

  The more common, everyday word; used broadly for people, media, reports, or opinions, and typically pairs with 'toward' or 'against' rather than 'to'.

  更常见、更口语化，可广泛用于人、媒体、报道或观点，通常与toward或against搭配，而不是to。

  The news channel was clearly biased toward one political party.

  这家新闻频道明显偏向某一政党。

Biased and partial both mean unfairly favoring one side, but differ in formality. Partial is more formal, used with 'to' (partial to), often for judges or officials who should stay neutral. Biased is the more common, everyday word, used broadly for people, media, or opinions.

这两个词都表示对某一方不公正的偏袒，但biased更常见、更口语化，可用来形容人、媒体、报道或观点；partial语气更正式、更书面，常与介词to连用，多见于强调公正性的语境（如法官、裁判）。这里不比较partial的另一个常见意义“不完整的”（如partial answer）。