obese

Compared meaning: weighing more than is healthy or normal (adjective).

比较义项：体重过重、肥胖（形容词）。

• fat

  Blunt and informal; often sounds negative or rude when applied to people, though harmless for animals or in casual speech.

  直接且口语化；用于人时常显得负面或不礼貌，但用于动物或随意口语时则无冒犯之意。

  Stop eating junk food or you'll get fat, his mom warned him.

  他妈妈警告他，再吃垃圾食品就会变胖。

• overweight

  Neutral and clinical, often used by doctors or in health contexts to describe a measurable, moderate excess of body weight.

  中性、客观，常用于医生或健康语境中，描述可测量的、中等程度的体重超标。

  The doctor said the dog was slightly overweight and needed more exercise.

  医生说这只狗有点超重，需要多运动。

• plump

  Softly positive or affectionate, suggesting a pleasantly rounded, healthy-looking body rather than a health problem.

  带有轻微的褒义或亲切感，形容体态丰满、看起来健康可爱，而非有健康问题。

  The baby had plump little cheeks that everyone loved to pinch.

  这个婴儿有丰满的小脸蛋，大家都喜欢捏一捏。

• obese 本词

  A formal, medical term for a severe, health-threatening degree of excess weight, typically defined by BMI.

  正式的医学用语，指严重到危害健康的肥胖程度，通常以体质指数（BMI）界定。

  The vet warned that the cat was becoming dangerously obese and at risk of diabetes.

  兽医警告说，这只猫正变得严重肥胖，有患糖尿病的风险。

These words all describe someone heavier than average, but with different tones. Fat is blunt, even rude. Overweight is neutral and clinical, common with doctors. Plump sounds gentle and positive, suggesting a healthy roundness. Obese is a formal medical term for health-threatening excess weight.

这些词都表示体重超出正常范围，但语气强弱和感情色彩不同：fat 直接甚至带贬义，overweight 中性客观（常见于医学语境），plump 略带亲切积极的意味，obese 是严重且带医学色彩的肥胖，程度最重。