makeshift

Compared meaning: lasting only a short time, temporary (adjective).

比较义项：短暂的；临时的（形容词）。

• passing

  Describes something fleeting or transient, often an abstract feeling, thought, or phase, rather than a temporary job or arrangement; sounds more literary.

  形容转瞬即逝的事物，常用来修饰情绪、念头或阶段等抽象事物，而不是临时的工作或安排；语气较为文学化。

  He felt a passing twinge of guilt but quickly forgot about it.

  他感到一阵转瞬即逝的愧疚，但很快就忘记了。

• temporary

  The general, neutral word for anything lasting only a limited time; used for jobs, states, and objects without implying a specific reason or transitional purpose.

  是最普通、中性的说法，泛指任何只持续有限时间的事物，可用于工作、状态和物品，不暗示具体原因或过渡目的。

  The company gave her a temporary desk near the window.

  公司给了她一张靠窗的临时办公桌。

• interim

  Specifically describes something filling the gap while a permanent solution or appointment is being arranged, often used with roles, governments, or measures.

  专指在正式方案或人选确定之前用来填补空缺的安排，常用于职位、政府或措施等场合。

  The interim manager will run the office until a permanent replacement is hired.

  临时经理将负责管理办公室，直到聘请到正式接替者。

• makeshift 本词

  Describes a crude, improvised substitute put together from whatever materials are available, usually out of necessity rather than planning.

  形容用现有材料临时拼凑而成的粗糙替代品，通常出于无奈而非事先安排。

  After the storm, they used a makeshift raft made of barrels to cross the river.

  暴风雨过后，他们用木桶做的简易木筏渡过了河。

Passing, temporary, interim, and makeshift mean not lasting long, but differ. Passing describes a fleeting feeling. Temporary means lasting a limited time. Interim fills a gap before a solution. Makeshift is an improvised substitute. Not compared: passing's 'briefly' or 'grade' senses; interim's noun use.

这四个词都可表示“暂时的、不会长久的”，但语气和用法不同：passing 强调转瞬即逝，多用于修饰情绪、念头或阶段，语气较文学化；temporary 是最普通、中性的说法，可用于工作、状态、物品等各种场合；interim 专指在正式方案或人选确定之前的过渡安排；makeshift 强调因缺乏合适材料而临时拼凑、较为粗糙的替代品。这里不比较 passing 表示“顺便提及的”（in passing）或“（考试）及格的”（a passing grade）等用法，也不比较 interim 作名词表示“过渡期”（in the interim）的用法。