kudos

Compared meaning: words of approval or celebration for someone (noun).

比较义项：对某人的成就、努力或喜事表示赞赏、祝贺的话语（名词）。

• praise

  General noun for words expressing approval or admiration of someone's ability, effort, or quality; not tied to one specific event; suits both formal and everyday contexts; typically used with 'give' or 'receive'.

  泛指对某人能力、努力或品质表示认可或赞赏的话语；不一定与某一具体事件相关；既可用于正式场合，也可用于日常场合；常与 give 或 receive 搭配使用。

  The coach's praise for her discipline meant more to her than winning the match.

  教练对她自律精神的赞美，对她来说比赢得比赛更有意义。

• congratulations

  Always plural in form; used specifically to celebrate someone's success or happy news, such as a promotion or wedding; often said directly to the person as an exclamation, not as an ongoing assessment of quality.

  始终以复数形式出现；专门用于庆祝某人的成功或喜事，例如升职或婚礼；常直接对本人说出，作为一句感叹语，而不是对其能力或品质的持续评价。

  Congratulations on your promotion — you really deserve it!

  祝贺你升职了——你真的当之无愧！

• kudos 本词

  Informal, uncountable noun stressing admiration for one specific achievement; common in casual or workplace speech, rarely used in formal writing; typically follows 'get' or 'receive'.

  非正式的不可数名词，强调因某一具体成就而获得的赞誉；常见于口语或职场交流中，较少用于正式书面语；常与 get 或 receive 搭配使用。

  She got kudos from her boss for spotting the error before launch.

  她因在发布前发现了那个错误而受到老板的赞扬。

All three nouns give positive words to someone. Praise: general approval of ability or effort, not tied to one event. Congratulations (always plural): celebrates a specific success or happy news, said directly to the person. Kudos: informal admiration for one achievement, common in casual speech.

这三个词都可指对他人表现出的正面评价或祝贺语，但语气和使用场合不同：praise 泛指对能力、努力或品质的赞美，不一定与具体喜事或成就相关；congratulations 专门用于庆祝某人的具体成功或喜事，且总是复数形式；kudos 语气较随意，强调因某一具体成就而获得的赞誉，多用于口语或非正式场合。