joint

Compared meaning: shared by two or more people (adjective).

比较义项：共同的（形容词）。

• mutual

  Describes feelings, respect, or agreements held reciprocally between two specific people or parties; strongly collocates with 'friend', 'respect', and 'consent', and implies the relationship goes both ways.

  用于描述两个特定的人或团体之间相互的情感、尊重或协议；常与 friend、respect、consent 等词搭配，强调关系是双向的。

  They share a mutual friend who introduced them last year.

  他们有一个共同的朋友，是那位朋友去年介绍他们认识的。

• common

  Describes a trait, experience, or problem shared by many people in general, without implying any reciprocal relationship; used for widespread or frequent things, such as a common mistake or common interest.

  描述许多人普遍具有的特征、经历或问题，不涉及双向关系；常用于描述普遍或常见的事物，例如 common mistake（常见错误）或 common interest（共同兴趣）。

  Catching a cold in winter is very common among children.

  冬天感冒在儿童中是很常见的。

• joint 本词

  Describes an action, project, or property undertaken or owned together by two or more parties, emphasizing shared responsibility or collaboration rather than emotion; common in business and legal contexts like joint venture or joint account.

  描述由两方或多方共同承担或共同拥有的行动、项目或财产，强调共同责任或合作，而非情感；常见于商业和法律语境，如 joint venture（合资企业）或 joint account（联名账户）。

  The two companies launched a joint venture to develop new software.

  这两家公司成立了一家合资企业来开发新软件。

Mutual, common, and joint all can mean 'shared', but focus differs. Mutual describes feelings held between two people, as in 'mutual friend'. Common describes something shared by many people, as in a common mistake. Joint describes action or property owned together, as in 'joint venture'.

这三个词都可表示“共同的”，但侧重不同：mutual 强调双方之间相互的情感或关系，最常见搭配是 mutual friend／mutual respect；common 强调许多人普遍共有，不强调双向性；joint 强调两方或多方共同参与的行动、项目或所有权。这里不比较 common 表示“普通的，平凡的”的义项，也不比较 joint 作名词表示“关节”的义项。