indigenous

Compared meaning: belonging to or originating in a place (adjective).

比较义项：本土的、原产于某地的（形容词）。

• native

  Neutral, everyday word for something that originates in a place, very commonly paired with 'language' or 'speaker'; does not require that the thing exists nowhere else.

  本土的、常用的中性词，指某事物起源于某地；常与「语言」「母语者」搭配；不要求该事物只存在于此地，别处没有。

  English is not her native language, but she speaks it well.

  英语不是她的母语，但她说得很好。

• indigenous 本词

  More formal word, usually describing peoples or cultures that lived in a place before other settlers arrived; common in historical, legal or political contexts.

  较正式的词，通常指在其他移民或殖民者到来之前就生活在某地的民族或文化；常用于历史、法律或政治语境。

  Indigenous peoples were living on this land long before European settlers arrived.

  原住民在欧洲移民到来之前很久就已经生活在这片土地上。

• endemic

  Scientific or technical word meaning found only in one place and nowhere else, typically used for plants, animals or diseases, not for people or languages.

  科学或专业用词，指只存在于某一地方、别处没有，通常用于植物、动物或疾病，而不用于人或语言。

  This rare bird is endemic to the small island and lives nowhere else.

  这种稀有的鸟只生存在这座小岛上，别处没有。

Native, indigenous, and endemic can all describe something from a place. Native is neutral and common, often paired with 'language'. Indigenous is more formal, describing peoples who lived somewhere before settlers arrived. Endemic is scientific, meaning found only there, for plants, animals, or diseases.

这三个词都表示「属于某地、原产于某地」，但语气不同：native 最中性常用（常搭配「语言」），indigenous 较正式，强调殖民者或移民到来之前就已居住在当地的民族，endemic 则强调「只在该地才有，别处没有」，多用于动植物或疾病。这里不比较 native 的「天生的」义项，也不比较 endemic 的「（问题）在某群体或系统中普遍存在」的义项。