immune

Compared meaning: not affected by something harmful (adjective).

比较义项：不受某种有害事物影响、能抵御或免受其害（形容词）。

• immune 本词

  Immune means completely protected, especially the body's natural or vaccine-acquired defense against a disease; it is all-or-nothing, not a matter of degree.

  immune 指完全不受影响，尤指身体对疾病天生或经接种获得的防御，是“要么免疫、要么不免疫”的绝对状态，没有程度之分。

  Once you've had chickenpox, you're immune to it for life.

  得过一次水痘之后，你就终生对它免疫了。

• resistant

  Resistant means able to withstand or oppose something to some degree, not total protection; it is common for materials, weather or germs, not just the human body.

  resistant 指能在一定程度上抵御或对抗某事物，并非完全不受影响，常用于材料、天气或细菌等，不限于人体。

  This paint is resistant to scratches and mild chemicals.

  这种油漆能抵御划痕和温和的化学物质。

Immune and resistant both mean not affected by something harmful, but differ in degree. Immune means completely protected, especially the body's defense against disease; it is all-or-nothing. Resistant means able to withstand something to some degree, not total protection, and can describe materials or weather.

两词都可接介词 to，表示“不受……影响”，但程度不同：immune 强调完全不受影响，尤指对疾病的天然或后天免疫，是非此即彼的状态；resistant 强调部分抵御、能对抗，程度上可强可弱，且不限于疾病，也常用于材料、天气等物理属性。这里不比较 immune 引申的“不为……所动”（如 immune to criticism）等比喻义。

Compared meaning: not affected by something (adjective).

比较义项：不受（某事物）影响的（形容词）。

• immune 本词

  Immune emphasizes built-in resistance or protection, often used with 'to', suggesting something cannot affect you even if it tries; common with criticism, emotions, or diseases.

  immune强调内在的抵抗力或保护力，常与“to”连用，表示即使受到影响也不会起作用，常用于批评、情绪或疾病等语境。

  Years of criticism have made her immune to negative comments from strangers.

  多年的批评已经让她对陌生人的负面评论完全免疫。

• untouched

  Untouched is more literal and vivid, suggesting something has not been touched, altered, or damaged at all, often describing places, objects, or traditions preserved intact.

  untouched更具字面性和画面感，表示某事物完全未被触碰、改变或损坏，常用来描述地方、物品或传统被完整保留。

  The old forest has remained untouched by loggers for over a century.

  这片古老的森林一个多世纪以来一直未被伐木者触碰。

• unaffected

  Unaffected is more formal and neutral, simply stating that no change or influence occurred, commonly used with 'by' for measurable outcomes, situations, or emotions.

  unaffected语气更正式、中性，仅陈述没有发生变化或影响，常与“by”连用，用于描述可衡量的结果、状况或情绪。

  The company's profits were largely unaffected by the economic downturn.

  该公司的利润在很大程度上未受经济衰退的影响。

All three mean not affected by something. Immune stresses built-in resistance, often with 'to', suggesting something cannot affect you. Untouched is literal and vivid, meaning not touched or changed at all. Unaffected is formal and neutral, simply stating no change occurred, often with 'by'.

这三个词都表示“没有被某种事物影响或改变”，但语气和用法不同：immune强调天生或后天获得的抵抗力，untouched强调字面上未被触碰或改动，unaffected语气更正式中性，只是陈述没有产生变化。这里不比较unaffected表示“不做作、自然纯朴”（如unaffected manner）的义项，也不比较untouched表示食物“未被动过、未被食用”的义项，更不涉及immune在医学上“对某疾病具有免疫力”的专业用法（如immune system这一固定搭配）。