haphazard

Compared meaning: without a fixed plan or pattern (adjective).

比较义项：无固定计划或规律地做某事（形容词）。

• random

  Emphasizes unpredictability and lack of pattern, often in a neutral or technical sense (sampling, selection); rarely critical in tone.

  强调不可预测性和缺乏规律，常用于中性或技术性语境（抽样、选择），语气很少带批评意味。

  The teacher picked students in random order to answer the question.

  老师以随机的顺序挑选学生回答问题。

• haphazard 本词

  Emphasizes lack of organization or careful planning, usually with a critical or disapproving tone about messiness or carelessness.

  强调缺乏组织或周密计划，通常带有对杂乱或草率的批评、不满语气。

  His haphazard approach to filing meant important documents kept getting lost.

  他杂乱无章的归档方式导致重要文件不断丢失。

Both mean without a fixed plan or pattern. Random stresses unpredictability and lack of pattern, often in a neutral or technical sense, as in sampling or selection. Haphazard stresses a lack of organization or careful planning, usually with a critical tone about messiness or carelessness.

两词都指“没有固定计划或规律”，但 random 强调结果的不可预测性、缺乏规律，常带中性甚至技术性色彩；haphazard 强调缺乏组织和条理，带有杂乱、草率的负面评价色彩。random 常用于统计、抽样、概率等语境；haphazard 常用于描述做事方式或摆放方式的杂乱无章。