estimate

Compared meaning: to judge an approximate value (verb).

比较义项：估计、判断大致数值（动词）。

• estimate 本词

  The general, everyday word for judging an approximate value such as cost, size, quantity or time; neutral in tone and usable almost anywhere, from casual guesses to formal quotes.

  最通用、日常的词，用于判断费用、大小、数量、时间等大致数值，语气中性，几乎适用于任何场合，从随口猜测到正式报价都可以。

  The contractor estimated the repair at around two hundred dollars.

  承包商估计这次维修大约要花两百美元。

• gauge

  Implies a careful, attentive judgment based on observation or instinct, often for non-numeric things like feelings, reactions or opinions, not just measurable amounts.

  强调基于观察或直觉进行仔细、用心的判断，常用于情绪、反应、意见等无法直接测量的对象，而不只是可量化的数值。

  She gauged his reaction before deciding whether to bring up the topic.

  她先揣摩他的反应，再决定要不要提起这个话题。

• approximate

  A more formal or technical verb for giving a rough value or calculation, often in scientific or mathematical contexts; less common than estimate in everyday speech, and rarely used for money or casual guesses.

  更正式、专业的动词，多用于科学或数学语境中给出大致数值或计算结果；日常口语中不如 estimate 常用，很少用于金钱或随口的猜测。

  Scientists approximate the star's age using its brightness and mass.

  科学家利用亮度和质量来估算恒星的年龄。

All three mean judging a rough value, but differently. Estimate is the general, everyday word, for cost, size, or time; neutral in tone. Gauge implies a careful judgment from observation, often for things not directly measurable, like feelings. Approximate is more formal, for scientific contexts.

这三个词都可表示“估计、判断大致数值”，但语气和使用场合不同：estimate 最通用、中性；gauge 强调凭观察或直觉仔细判断，常用于情绪、反应等无法直接测量的对象；approximate 语气更正式、更专业，强调结果只是大概而非精确。此处不比较 gauge 作名词表示“仪表”（如 fuel gauge）的用法。

Compared meaning: a judgment of quantity, value, or quality (noun).

比较义项：对数量、价值或质量的判断（估算/评估）（名词）。

• estimate 本词

  A rough, often numerical judgment of size, quantity, or cost, made quickly and not necessarily by an expert; common for things like repair costs or price quotes.

  对数量、尺寸或费用的粗略估算，通常是数字形式，判断较快，不一定出自专业人士；常用于维修费用、报价等场合。

  The mechanic gave us an estimate for the car repair.

  技师给了我们一个汽车维修的估价。

• appraisal

  A more formal, often professional judgment of the value or quality of something, made after careful assessment; common in contexts like job performance reviews or property valuation.

  对某事物价值或质量更正式、往往由专业人士做出的判断，经过仔细评估后得出；常用于绩效考核、财产估价等场合。

  The company gave every worker an honest appraisal of their performance.

  公司对每位员工的表现都给出了诚恳的评价。

Both estimate and appraisal are judgments people make about something. Estimate is a quick, rough guess about amount or cost, often casual. Appraisal is a more formal, careful judgment of value or quality, often professional.

这两个词都指对事物做出的判断，但estimate侧重快速、粗略的数量或费用估算，语气较随意；appraisal强调更正式、经过仔细评估的价值或质量判断，常见于专业场合。此处只比较所给的这一义项。