crash

Compared meaning: a sudden loud banging sound (noun).

比较义项：突然发出的响亮撞击声（名词）。

• crash 本词

  Describes the loud noise of something heavy falling, breaking, or colliding violently; often a one-time, destructive sound like glass or metal smashing.

  描述重物坠落、破碎或猛烈碰撞时发出的巨响；通常是一次性的、带有破坏性的声音，如玻璃或金属碎裂声。

  There was a loud crash as the shelf collapsed and the dishes hit the floor.

  架子倒塌，盘子摔到地上，发出一声巨响。

• clash

  Describes the sharp, ringing sound of two hard objects (often metal) striking together, like cymbals or swords; less about destruction, more about impact.

  描述两个硬物（常为金属）相击时发出的尖锐、铿锵的声音，如镲片或刀剑相撞；不强调破坏性，更强调撞击本身。

  The clash of cymbals marked the dramatic climax of the symphony.

  镲片的撞击声标志着这首交响曲的高潮。

Crash and clash both describe a sudden loud sound, but crash usually means the loud noise of something heavy falling, breaking, or hitting something violently, like glass or metal. Clash means the sharp, ringing sound of two hard objects striking together, like cymbals or swords.

这两个词都指一种突然、响亮的撞击声，但来源和语境不同：crash 常指物体倒塌、碰撞或摔碎发出的巨响，也可指抽象事物（如经济、系统）突然崩溃；clash 则指两个硬物相碰撞发出的铿锵声，也常比喻双方的冲突或对立。这里不比较 crash 的“（电脑等）死机、故障”义，也不比较 clash 的“意见冲突、色彩不协调”等引申义。

Compared meaning: a sudden failure of something (noun).

比较义项：（系统、结构或事物）突然失效、崩溃（名词）。

• crash 本词

  Emphasizes a sudden, abrupt, often violent failure with little or no warning; typically used for machines, computers, markets or vehicles.

  强调突然、剧烈、几乎毫无预警的失效，常用于机器、电脑、市场或车辆等。

  The stock market crashed suddenly, wiping out millions in savings overnight.

  股市突然崩盘，一夜之间蒸发了数百万存款。

• collapse

  Emphasizes losing support and falling or giving way, often after gradual weakening over time; typically used for buildings, structures, systems or economies.

  强调因失去支撑力而倒塌或垮掉，常带有经过长期削弱后终于崩溃的意味，多用于建筑物、结构、体系或经济。

  The old warehouse roof finally collapsed after years of rain damage.

  那座旧仓库的屋顶经过多年雨水侵蚀，终于倒塌了。

Crash and collapse both mean a sudden failure, but differ. Crash means a sudden, violent failure with little warning, for machines or markets. Collapse means losing support and falling apart after weakening, for buildings or economies. Not covered: crash as collision, or collapse as fainting.

这两个词在此义项上都指某物突然失效或垮掉，但语气不同：crash 强调突然、剧烈、毫无预警，常用于机器、电脑、市场等；collapse 强调因长期失去支撑力而倒塌、瓦解，常带有逐渐削弱后终于垮掉的意味，多用于建筑、桥梁、体系或经济。这里不比较 crash 的“猛撞、碰撞事故”义，也不比较 collapse 的“虚脱、昏倒”（人体）义。